7 stages of lewy body dementia

7 Stages of Lewy Body Dementia: Navigating Progression and Symptoms

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Navigating the 7 stages of Lewy Body Dementia (LBD) can be challenging, as its progression patterns pose unique prognostic challenges compared to other dementias.

Parkinson’s disease dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies represent the two forms of dementia associated with LBD.

Named after the German neurologist Dr. Friederich Lewy, Lewy bodies are protein clumps in the brain that contribute to cognitive impairment in both conditions.

While LBD shares similarities with other dementias like Alzheimer’s disease, its distinguishing features include a faster cognitive decline and variable symptoms.

Explore our comprehensive guide for insights into the 7 stages of Lewy Body Dementia.

7 Stages Of Lewy Body Dementia Symptoms

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) or Lewy body dementia (LBD) is linked to protein buildup in the brain that impairs normal brain function.

The illness is very difficult to diagnose because its symptoms can mimic those of other brain disorders. DLB frequently begins with trouble moving your body.

Within a year, patients may experience behavioral abnormalities, hallucinations, and cognitive and memory issues resembling those of Alzheimer’s disease.

The following are the seven phases of LBD:

Stage 1

This is the initial phase of Lewy body dementia or LBD which is the absolutely normal stage.

The following are the important symptoms related to the Stage 1 of LBD:

  • Absence of symptoms. The patients are perfectly normal. 
  • Ordinary examinations may reveal incidental findings on the brain in contrast to computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  • Some patients report experiencing mood swings and hallucinations while sleeping during the day.

Stage 2

People with Stage 2 LBD experience very mild symptoms.

  • Unable or difficult to detect these minor symptoms.
  • Symptoms include mild forgetfulness, such as difficulties locating familiar objects or forgetting names.
  • It’s possible for patients to carry on with their regular jobs and routines.

Stage 3

At this stage, people might still be in the mild symptoms of experiencing Lewy body dementia.

They might experience the following symptoms:

  • Slight memory loss 
  • Slight forgetfulness
  • Slight issues with concentration
  • Heightened danger of falls
  • Difficulty carrying out their regular tasks and jobs

Stage 4

At this point, patients typically have a confirmed diagnosis.

The moderate symptoms consist of the following:

  • Aspiration, choking, trouble swallowing, and excessive drooling.
  • Patients frequently tremble and have trouble speaking.
  • Disruptive forgetfulness in life
  • Having trouble carrying out daily obligations
  • Elevated fall risk
  • Need for ongoing supervision
  • More sleep during the day but fewer hallucinations
  • Elevated risk of possible health issues

Stage 5

Typically, the symptoms of the patient in stage 5 are mild to moderate. This includes:

  • Severe memory loss and typically have difficulty with day-to-day tasks.
  • Significant disorientation and confusion, possibly losing the ability to live alone.
  • Patients who have a fever are more likely to get infections and skin conditions.
  • You may need to have supervision almost all the time.
  • Unable to complete basic tasks.
  • Patients may experience persistent delusions as well as an increased likelihood of confusion and paranoia.
  • Need assistance with eating and taking care of oneself.

Stage 6

In most cases, this lasts for 2.5 years.

The majority of symptoms are more severe. The symptoms include:

  • During this stage, the most common inconveniences are urine and bowel.
  • Typically, patients lose their ability to speak.
  • It is possible that patients will only be able to regain early life memories.
  • Need a lot of assistance in order to live comfortably.
  • Increased memory loss, trouble identifying loved ones, and minor personality alterations.

Stage 7

Patients with 7 stages of Lewy body dementia experience extremely serious symptoms.

The average duration of stage seven is 1.5–2.5 years.

It is one of the 7 stages of Lewy body dementia where patients lose all their senses.

  • Physical systems may deteriorate and communication is restricted in this last phase.
  • Individuals with late-stage dementia require significant assistance with daily activities and frequently require round-the-clock support, as they are unable to walk.

10. Common Early Signs Of Dementia

Dementia encompasses a group of diseases marked by cognitive decline, including memory loss and reasoning. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly.

The ten early dementia symptoms and indicators that are most frequently observed in Alzheimer’s disease are listed below:

1. Memory loss: It becomes common to depend on others to remember information that you have learned, even if it was learned not too long ago.

2. Planning and problem-solving difficulties: Concentration is lost, making even basic tasks like following a recipe or performing basic math on household bills challenging.

3. Unable to complete routine tasks: Routine tasks like making a grocery list and driving to a familiar place become challenging.

4. Time and place disorientation: It becomes difficult to discern the day, time of day, and current location.

5. Inaccurate visual image & distance perception: Reading is challenging when words are not seen in the correct order, and driving becomes difficult when judging distances is impaired.

6. Communication issues: Dementia can hinder speech, making it challenging for individuals to express themselves.

Memory loss may lead to difficulty recalling simple objects, affecting communication and making conversation more challenging.

7. Often losing items: Dementia patients may move items from their original location to a different location where they are typically not kept.

They eventually forget where they’ve stored their belongings.

8. Issues with decision-making: It can be difficult to make wise choices quickly in some situations.

9. Retiring from work or social activities: Individuals suffering from dementia may begin to retreat from their responsibilities both inside and outside the home.

They start to distance themselves from social events.

10. Mood & personality changes: Dementia can lead to increased irritability, impatience, and a general sense of bewilderment, nervousness, and depression in individuals who were once calm and collected.

Is Lewy Body Dementia An Incurable Condition?

LBD is a neurological disorder for which there is no known treatment. After symptoms begin, patients with LBD typically have a 5 to 8-year life expectancy.

Depending on their age, the severity of their symptoms, and other medical conditions, some patients may have longer or shorter lives.

Pneumonia and failure to thrive are the most frequent causes of death for LBD patients.

Respiratory issues and trouble swallowing are also frequent.

  • Usually, Lewy body dementia (LBD) is a fatal illness that progresses over time.
  • As it worsens over time, its lifespan is shortened.
  • After diagnosis, the average person lives for eight to twelve years.
  • With the right care and symptomatic treatment, some people may live much longer than this, but this is highly variable.

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Final Thoughts

Early, middle, and late are the stages of LBD.

In contrast to other dementias, early-stage dementia (EBD) symptoms may be more related to other cognitive abilities, like multitasking, than memory.

As the illness worsens, hallucinations and severe sleep disturbances are also frequent side effects of LBD.

There is no known treatment for this illness, but even in its advanced stages, fluctuating cognition can cause cognitive symptoms to suddenly disappear. To find a cure, clinical research is still being done.

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     St Helier Hospital, where Ms Melle referred to Patient X –
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    In the event, she wasn’t assigned to Patient X and
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    A doctor was called for guidance but had not yet responded.
    As the senior nurse on the ward, Ms Melle decided to take charge.

    When her colleague finally got through to the doctor, Ms Melle asked
    to speak to him, taking the call in the corridor just outside Patient
    X’s room.

    Overhearing the conversation, Patient X began screaming in protest
    at Ms Melle’s use of the word ‘mister’. The prisoner shouted: ‘Do not call me mister, I am a woman!’

    Ms Melle says the conversation with the doctor needs to
    be placed in context. Even if she was prepared to use alternative pronouns, she says it would have been absurd because the discussion related to
    a catheter – for a male – which needed to be removed.
    ‘This was a real-life medical scenario that required accurate terminology
    to avoid any doubt between medical professionals,’ she says.

    Finishing the call, she stepped inside X’s room and found
    the patient pacing up and down. Ms Melle politely said: ‘I am sorry I
    cannot refer to you as “her” or “she”, as it’s against my faith and Christian values but I
    can call you by your name.’

    She then began to relay the doctor’s advice, but was met with escalating abuse.

    ‘Imagine if I called you n*****?’, Patient
    X screamed. ‘How about I call you n*****? Yes, black n*****’

    Ms Melle warned that if the vile abuse persisted, she would have to call
    security. ‘X lunged at me, getting really close, a few feet
    away, before the guards intervened,’ she says. Patient X then tried
    to follow her, shouting: ‘I want your name and NHS number, and
    I am going to report you to the police for homophobia.’

    Though profoundly distressed by the confrontation, Ms Melle, later forced herself to return to X’s room with painkillers which calmed the patient down.

    It is worth noting here that a white colleague had also referred to Patient X as
    a male but was not abused for doing so.

    At the end of her shift, Ms Melle found herself still shaking
    as she travelled home on the bus. As she replayed the incident in her mind, a colleague who had taken over her shift rang her mobile to say that Patient X had been shouting for
    her and threatening to make an official complaint.

    On her next shift, Ms Melle was taken aside by a ward manager and asked
    to make a statement.

    She explained she was still feeling traumatised.

    But the manager insisted that she still had to respect equality and diversity.

    Ms Melle was investigated and disciplined and, having been labelled a potential risk to
    the public, now fears losing her job

    Ms Melle said she had no issues with people’s sexuality but asked where the
    respect was for her Christian beliefs and said that she ‘could not deny biological reality’.

    But an investigation later concluded that ‘the [NMC]
    code of conduct outlines that in order to treat people as individuals and to uphold
    their dignity nurses should avoid making assumptions and should recognise diversity and individual choice.’

    The code further states that nurses should ‘not express your personal beliefs (including political, religious or moral beliefs) in an inappropriate way.
    Therefore, although [Ms Melle] felt unable to identity Patient X using the
    preferred pronouns due to her religion… it could be perceived that [Ms Melle’s]
    actions could…be seen as a potential breach of the code’.

    She was accused of ‘not respecting the patient’s preferred identity’ and told her actions and behaviour
    had ‘fallen short of the trust’s value of respect’.

    Summoned to a disciplinary hearing in October, Ms Melle was given a final
    written warning and referred to the NMC.

    After the incident, she was denied overtime which has affected her financially.
    With her career, livelihood and reputation now at serious risk, she
    says she was faced with no alternative but to file a legal claim.

    She says that the NHS has unlawfully interfered with her rights under the
    European Convention on Human Rights to freedom of thought, conscience and religion.

    Ms Melle, who says she has never previously
    had any issues with transgender patients, says: ‘I am devastated by how I have been treated and believe I am being institutionally abused, harassed, bullied and racially discriminated against.
    Ever since I have expressed my Christian beliefs under extreme pressure, I
    have been a marked woman.

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    ‘I do not feel supported following the racial abuse and threat of
    physical violence I received from the patient.

    I remained professional throughout and always treat each and every individual with dignity and respect.

    My conduct throughout this incident and during my career has been fully compliant with the code.’

    Andrea Williams, chief executive of the Christian Legal
    Centre, which is supporting her case said: ‘The NHS appears to remain captured by transgender
    ideology to the point it is prepared to back a convicted paedophile,
    who was clearly very disturbed and shouting racist comments,
    over the Christian nurse.

    ‘We thought we had seen it all when it comes to controversial legal cases on these issues, but what Jennifer
    is experiencing at the hands of this ideology is off
    the scale and on a whole new disturbing level. Jennifer loves Jesus and is a talented nurse who should be
    supported and protected, not investigated and silenced.
    The trust cannot force compelled speech on their staff and an urgent U-turn and apology is needed.

    ‘We would ask Wes Streeting, as Health Secretary,
    to investigate what is happening here.

    ‘He is already involved in the Darlington nurses’ case, and has previously said he is “horrified” by how they are being treated.
    It’s time for Government intervention on this matter.
    It’s time for the Government to stop equality
    and diversity policies being weaponised in the NHS to punish
    innocent nurses just doing their job.

    ‘We will stand with Jennifer for as long as it takes for her to receive justice and with any other nurses who are discriminated against due
    to this dangerous ideology.’

    An Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS
    Trust spokesperson said: ‘These matters are still subject to ongoing internal proceedings, so it wouldn’t be right
    for us to comment further.’

    NHS

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